The subzone description below lists Alaska plant communities along a toposequence on acidic and non-acidic substrates; in subzones C, D and E; in the three floristic provinces of Northern Alaska (
), Beringian Alaska (
) and Northern Beringian Islands (
). Blocks of rows are positions along a mesotopographic gradient (see Mesotopographic gradient). Dominant plant functional types and species are listed where data were available. Literature citations (in small font) include unit names, habitat, citation and location.
| Habitat along the meso-topographic gradient | Acidic substrates
(community # 35-70) | Non-acidic substrates
(community # 71-85) |
|---|
| Dry exposed sites | 35. Vaccinio uliginosi-Salicetum phlebophyllae Assoc. 43, prostrate vegetation of ridgetops on acidic soils (Cooper 1986) (Arrigetch Mtns.).
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix phlebophylla, Loiseleuria procumbens, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Dryas octopetala;
Graminoid:
Hierochloe alpina, Carex microchaeta; Forb:
Androsace chamaejasme;
Moss:
Rhacomitrium lanuginosum
|
71. Selaginello sibiricae-Dryadetum octopetalae, dry gravelly soils (Walker et al. 1994) (Toolik Lake).
Prostate dwarf shrub:
Dryas octopetala, Dryas drummondii;
Forb:
Antennaria alpina, Minuartia obtusiloba, Oxytropis nigrescens, Smelowskia calycina, Artemisia arctica;
Lichen
Alectoria nigrescens, Bryocaulon divergens, Hypogymnia subobscura, Ochrolechia upsaliensis;
Moss
Polytrichum piliferum, Tortula ruralis
|
|---|
| 36. Carici scirpoideae-Vaccinietum uliginosi, Assoc. 18 (Cooper 1986) (Arrigetch Mtns.)
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Dryas octopetala, Vaccinium uliginosum;
Graminoid:
Carex scirpoidea, Carex microchaeta, Festuca altaica; Lichen:
Cladina spp., Flavocetraria spp.
|
72. Caricetum scirpoideo-rupestris, Assoc.30, limestone slopes (Cooper 1986) (Arrigetch Mtns.).
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Dryas octopetala, Saxifraga oppositifolia;
Sedge:
Carex scirpoidea, Carex rupestris;
Lichen:
Thamnolia subuliformis, Dactylina beringica, Vulpicida tilesii, Flavocetraria nivalis, Flavocetraria cucullata, Cetraria islandica;
Moss:
Ditrichum flexicaule
|
| 37. Selaginello sibiricae-Dryadetum octopetalae, dry gravelly soils (Walker et al. 1994) (Imnavait Creek).
Prostate dwarf shrub:
Dryas octopetala, Dryas drummondii;
Forb:
Antennaria alpina, Minuartia obtusiloba, Oxytropis nigrescens, Artemisia arctica;
Lichen:
Alectoria nigrescens, Bryocaulon divergens, Hypogymnia subobscura, Ochrolechia upsaliensis;
Moss:
Polytrichum piliferum, Tortula ruralis
|
73. Alpine Dryas stand ; Map units 61 lichen meadow, mountain (Hanson 1953), 71 Dryas limestone slope, and 72 bald limestone slope (Swanson and Schuman 1985); Vegetation type Dryas dwarf-shrub tundra (Racine and Anderson 1979); Releves C5, C17, C-H (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Dryas octopetala, Rhododendron camtschaticum;
Sedge:
Carex nardina;
Forb:
Artemisia senjavinensis, Artemisia globularia, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Oxytropis nigrescens, Packera cymbalaria, Smelowskia calycina, Minuartia arctica, Phlox sibirica, Potentilla biflora, Potentilla uniflora, Stellaria dicranoides;
Lichen:
Thamnolia subuliformis, Cetraria islandica
|
| 38. Salici phlebophyllae-Arctoetum alpinae, dry acidic organic soils (Walker et al. 1994) (Imnavait Creek).
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Arctous alpina, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, V. uliginosum, Salix phlebophylla;
Grass:
Hierochloe alpina;
Lichen:
Flavocetraria cucullata, Sphaerophorus globosus, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cladina arbuscula;
Moss:
Polytrichum strictum, Dicranum elongatum
|
74. Rock desert, Lava A,B,C (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Lichen:
Umbilicaria spp., Rhizocarpon geographicum, Cladonia stellaris;
Dwarf shrub:
Loiseluria procumbens
|
| 39. Map units 65 lichen slope and 70 lichen granitic slope (Swanson and Schuman 1985); Vegetation type dwarf-shrub tundra (Racine and Anderson 1979); Releves C13, QC35, QC36 (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Loiseleuria procumbens, Arctous alpina, Empetrum nigrum, Rhododendron camtschaticum, Salix phlebophylla;
Lichen:
Bryocaulon divergens, Pseudephebe pubescens, Cladina spp., Thamnolia spp.
|
|
| 40. Sites V1,4,5 (Talbot et al. 1985); Map unit 4 ; description of Askinuk Mtns.(McCaffery and Harwood 1997); Map Units D1a, M11 (Tande and Jennings 1986), lowland moist low scrub (Jorgenson 2000) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Prostrate and erect dwarf shrub:
Dryas integrifolia, Empetrum nigrum;
Lichen:
Cladina rangiferina, Cladina spp., Alectoria ochroleuca
|
|
| Moist sites | 41. Northern Beringian Islands: Sphagno-Eriophoretum vaginati, tussock tundra on acidic fine grained soils (Walker et al. 1994) (Imnavait Creek).
Beringian Alaska: Cottongrass-sedge-dwarf heath shrub complex (Hanson 1953); Tussock dwarf-shrub tundra (Racine and Anderson 1979); 42B- low shrub cottongrass tussock tundra, 60 - lichen tussock tundra (Swanson and Schuman 1985); C2,C8,C19,QC1, QC2,QC45 (Raynolds et
al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Map Units M11, M14 (Tande and Jennings 1986); Map Unit 71 - lowland moist low-scrub (Jorgenson 2000); Sites BB10-13, MM5,7 (Talbot 1983)
(Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Tussock sedge:
Eriophorum vaginatum, Carex bigelowii;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Betula nana, Ledum decumbens, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Empetrum hermaphroditum, Cassiope tetragona, Rubus chamaemorus;
Forb:
Pyrola grandiflora, Bistorta plumosa, Saxifraga nelsoniana;
Moss: Sphagnum spp., Hylocomium splendens, Aulacomnium turgidum, Dicranum spp., Polytrichum strictum;
Lichen:
Cladina spp., Cladonia amaurocraea, Cetraria spp., Dactylina arctica
|
75. Northern Beringian Islands: Dryado integrifoliae-Caricetum bigelowii, moist calcareous tundra (Walker et al. 1994) (Toolik Lake).
Beringian Alaska: Vegetation type Bigelow's sedge tussock dwarf-shrub tundra (Racine and Anderson 1979); Releves R6,7a,33,37,57,58 (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Sedges:
Carex bigelowii, Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. triste, Carex membranacea, E. vaginatum;
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Dryas integrifolia, Salix reticulata, Arctous rubra;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Salix richardsonii, S. glauca, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rhododendrum lapponicum;
Forb:
Lupinus arcticus, Oxytropis maydelliana, Pedicularis capitata, Lagotis glauca, Eutrema edwardsii, Tephroseris frigida, Bistorta vivipara, Packera cymbalaria, Pedicularis lanata, Tofieldia pusilla;
Horsetail:
Equisetum arvense, Equisetum variegatum;
Moss:
Tomentypnum nitens, Hylocomium splendens, Aulacomnium turgidum;
Lichen:
Thamnolia subuliformis, Flavocetraria spp., Dactylina arctica
|
|---|
| 41 (cont). Cottongrass-sedge-dwarf heath shrub complex (Hanson 1953); Tussock dwarf-shrub tundra (Racine and Anderson 1979); 42B- low shrub cottongrass tussock tundra, 60 - lichen tussock tundra (Swanson and Schuman 1985); C2,C8,C19,QC1, QC2,QC45 (Raynolds et
al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Map Units M11, M14 (Tande and Jennings 1986); Map Unit 71 - lowland moist low-scrub (Jorgenson 2000); Sites BB10-13, MM5,7 (Talbot 1983)
(Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
|
75 (cont). Vegetation type Bigelow's sedge tussock dwarf-shrub tundra (Racine and Anderson 1979); Releves R6,7a,33,37,57,58 (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
|
| 42. Sphagno-Eriophoretum vaginati, Betula nana and Salix pulchra subtypes, shrub-dominated tussock tundra (Walker and Walker 1996) (Imnavait Creek).
Erect dwarf shrub:
Betula nana, Salix pulchra, Ledum decumbens, Vaccinium vitis-idaea;
Tussock sedge:
Eriophorum vaginatum;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp., Hylocomium splendens, Aulacomnium turgidum, Dicranum spp.;
Lichen:
Cladina spp., Cladonia amaurocraea, Cetraria spp., Peltigera aphthosa
|
76. 44-shrub lichen upland (Swanson and Schuman 1985); Releve C-C (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Low shrub:
Betula nana, Salix pulchra, Salix glauca;
Moss:
Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens
|
| 43. Sphagno-Eriophoretum vaginati betuletosum nanae, dwarf shrub on palsas and high-centered polygons (Walker et al. 1994) (Imnavait Creek).
Erect dwarf shrub:
Betula nana, Ledum decumbens;
Prostrate dwarf-shrub:
Rubus chamaemorus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.
|
|
| 44. Northern Beringian Islands: Sphagno-Eriophoretum vaginati betuletosum nanae, shrub tundra in warmer mesoclimatic oases along water tracks and in basins (Walker et al. 1994) (Imnavait Creek).
Beringian Alaska: Vegetation Type low-medium shrub thicket (Racine and Anderson 1979); shrub hillside, Map Unit 35 (Swanson and Schuman 1985) Releves C3, C16, QC3, C-C (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Map unit 9 (Talbot et al. 1985) Map Unit M13 (Tande and Jennings 1986) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Low shrub:
Betula nana, Salix pulchra;
Erect dwarf-shrub:
Ledum decumbens, Rubus chamaemorus;
Grass:
Calamagrostis canadensis;
Moss:
Aulacomnium turgidum, Hylocomium splendens
|
| 44 (cont). Vegetation Type low-medium shrub thicket (Racine and Anderson 1979); shrub hillside, Map Unit 35 (Swanson and Schuman 1985) Releves C3, C16, QC3, C-C (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Map unit 9 (Talbot et al. 1985) Map Unit M13 (Tande and Jennings 1986) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
|
| 45. Climacium dendroides-Alnus viridis comm., open alder shrub in warmer mesoclimatic oases of the foothills (Walker et al. 1997) (Happy Valley).
Low shrub:
Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa, Salix richardsonii, Spiraea stevenii;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Vaccinium uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea, Pyrola grandiflora;
Grass:
Calamagrostis canadensis;
Horsetail:
Equisetum arvense;
Forb:
Boschniakia rossica, Valeriana capitata;
Moss:
Climacium dendroides, Hylocomium splendens, Thuidium philibertii, Timmia austriaca
|
| 46. Resprouting tussocks with colonizing liverworts and mosses on burned
tussock tundra (Racine 1987) (Seward Peninsula).
Tussock sedge:
Eriophorum vaginatum;
Grass:
Calamagrostis canadensis, Arctagrostis latifolia;
Forb:
Epilobium latifolium, Tephroseris congesta;
Bryophyte:
Marchantia polymorpha, Ceratodon purpureus
|
| 47. Map Unit 60 lichen tussock tundra (Swanson and Schuman 1985) (Seward Peninsula).
Sedge:
Eriophorum vaginatum;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Ledum decumbens, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Rubus chamaemorus;
Lichen:
Cladina rangiferina, Cladina mitis, Cladina arbuscula, Flavocetraria cucullata, Cetraria islandica;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.
|
| 48. Vegetation type dwarf birch-heath-lichens (Hanson 1953); Vegetation type birch dwarf-shrub tundra (Racine and Anderson 1979); Map Unit 32- mixed shrub tundra,44 - shrub lichen upland (Swanson and Schuman 1985); Releve C14 (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward
Peninsula).
Map Unit M11(Tande and Jennings 1986); Map Unit 71, lowland moist low scrub (Jorgenson 2000) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Erect dwarf shrub:
Betula nana, Ledum decumbens, Empetrum nigrum, Loiseleuria procumbens, Vaccinium uliginosum;
Lichen:
Cladina rangiferina, Cladina stygia, Stereocaulon tomentosum;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp., Dicranum spp.
|
| 49. Site 63, 32 (Swanson et al. 1986) (Nunivak Island).
Erect and prostrate dwarf shrub:
Betula nana, Salix fuscescens, Empetrum nigrum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea;
Sedge:
Carex bigelowii;
Lichen:
Cladina rangiferina, Cladina arbuscula, Cetraria islandica
|
| 50. Map Units 1,3 (Talbot et al. 1985); Map Unit M12 (Tande and Jennings 1986); Map Unit L3 (Wibbenmeyer et al. 1982) (Kuskokwim Mtns.).
Low shrub:
Betula nana;
Sedge:
Eriophorum vaginatum;
Dwarf shrub:
Ledum decumbens, Rubus chamaemorus, Vaccinium uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea, Empetrum nigrum;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.;
Lichen:
Cladina spp., Cetraria spp.
|
| 51. Alder types; green alder shrub thicket (Hanson 1953); Map Unit 22 -tall shrub hillside (Racine and Anderson 1979); Releves C15,C18,QC25 (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Map Unit 8, subalpine scrub (Talbot et al. 1985); Map Units D2,D5,F1,F2 (Wibbenmeyer et al. 1982) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Low shrub:
Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa, Spiraea stevenii;
Grass:
Calamagrostis canadensis;
Fern:
Dryopteris expansa
|
| Wet sites | 52. Sphagnum orientale-Eriophorum scheuchzeri comm., wet microsites in wet acidic tundra in foothills (Walker and Walker 1996) (Imanavait Creek).
Sedge:
Carex rotundata, Carex rariflora, Carex chordorrhiza, Eriophorum scheuchzeri;
Moss:
Sphagnum orientale
|
77. Eriophorum angustifolium-Carex aquatilis comm., nonacidic marshes (Walker and Barry 1991) (Toolik Lake).
Sedge:
Carex aquatilis, Carex chordorrhiza Carex spp., Eriophorum angustifolium spp.;
Moss:
Drepanocladus brevifolius, Scorpidium scorpioides, Cinclidium latifolium, Meesia triquetra, Catascopium nigritum, Distichium capillaceum
|
|---|
| 53. Sphagnum lenense-Salix fuscescens comm., raised microsites in acidic wetlands (Walker and Walker 1996) (Imnavait Creek).
Sedge:
Carex rotundata, Carex rariflora;
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Salix fuscescens, Andromeda polifolia, Rubus chamaemorus, Betula nana;
Moss:
Sphagnum lenense, Sphagnum spp.
|
78. Salt grass meadow (Racine and Anderson 1979); 51- tidal marsh (Swanson and Schuman 1985) (Seward Peninsula).
Map Unit 14 (Talbot et al. 1985), Map Unit M15 (Tande and Jennings 1986; Map Unit 13 (Jorgenson 2000) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Graminoid:
Puccinellia phryganodes, Carex ramenskii |
| 54. Map Unit 55- cottongrass-water sedge (low-centered polygons) (Swanson and Schuman 1985) (Seward Peninsula).
Sedge:
Carex aquatilis, Eriophorum scheuchzeri;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.;
Lichen:
Cladina spp., Cladonia spp.
|
|
| 55. Map Units W1, W8, W9, M9 (Tande and Jennings 1986); Map Unit 24 slightly brackish wet sedge-shrub meadow (Jorgenson 2000) (Yukon-Kuskowkim Delta).
Sedge:
Carex ramenskii, Carex rariflora, Carex lyngbyaei;
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Salix fuscescens;
Forb:
Comarum palustre
|
| 56. Map Unit W10 (Tande and Jennings 1986) (Yukon-Kuskowkim Delta).
Graminoid:
Carex aquatilis, Carex rariflora, Calamagrostis deschamsioides;
Hemiprostrate dwarf shrub:
Empetrum nigrum;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.
|
| 57. Sites F1,H2,M2B (Talbot 1983); Map Unit 61 - lowland wet sedge meadow (Jorgenson 2000) ; Map Unit W2e,W3e (Tande and Jennings 1986); Map Units 5,18,22 (Talbot et al. 1985) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Sedge:
Carex aquatilis, Eriophorum angustifolium spp., Carex rostrata;
Forb:
Comarum palustre, Menyanthes trifoliata;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.
|
| 58. Map Unit 21, 16 (Talbot et al. 1985); Map Unit W3 (Tande and Jennings 1986) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Sedge:
Eriophorum russeolum, Carex aquatilis;
Forb:
Comarum palustre;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.
|
| 59. Map Unit 5, 22 (Talbot et al. 1985); Map Unit W3e, W4 (Tande and Jennings 1986) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Sedge:
Carex aquatilis;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Betula nana, Empetrum nigrum, Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens, Vaccinium uliginosum;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.;
Lichen:
Cladina spp., Flavocetraria spp.
|
| 60. Map Unit 23 (Talbot et al. 1985) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Erect dwarf shrub:
Andromeda polifolia;
Moss:
Sphagnum balticum
|
| 61. Type 52 (Swanson et al. 1986) (Nunivak Island).
Sedge:
Carex aquatilis, Carex glareosa;
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Salix fuscescens;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.
|
| Snow beds | 62. Carex microchaeta-Cassiope tetragona comm., early-melting acidic snowbeds (Walker et al. 1994) (Imnavait Creek).
Hemiprostrate dwarf shrub:
Cassiope tetragona;
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Salix phlebophylla, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pyrola grandiflora, Diapensia lapponica, Ledum decumbens, Vaccinium uliginosum;
Sedge:
Carex microchaeta;
Grass:
Hierochloe alpina;
Moss:
Hylocomium splendens, Aulacomnium turgidum, Dicranum spp.;
Lichen:
Flavocetraria cucullata, Flavocetraria nivalis, Nephroma arcticum, Stereocaulon alpinum, Sphaerophorus globosus
|
79. Dryas integrifolia-Cassiope tetragona comm., early-melting nonacidic snow beds (Walker et al. 1994) (Toolik Lake).
Hemiprostrate dwarf shrub:
Cassiope tetragona; Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Dryas integrifolia, Salix reticulata, S. arctica;
Sedge:
Carex scirpoidea;
Forb:
Geum glaciale, Pedicularis lanata, Pedicularis oederi, Parrya nudicaulis, Papaver macounii spp. discolor, Silene acaulis, Bistorta plumosa;
Moss:
Rhytidium rugosum, Aulacomnium turgidum, Tomentypnum nitens, Ptilidium ciliare;
Lichen:
Flavocetraria cucullata, Flavocetraria nivalis, Cladonia amaurocraea, Dactylina arctica
|
|---|
| 63. Salix rotundifolia-Saxifraga nivalis comm., late-melting snow beds (Walker et al. 1989) (Imnavait Creek).
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Salix rotundifolia
|
80. Salix rotundifolia-Saxifraga nivalis comm., late-melting snow beds (Walker et al. 1989) (Toolik Lake).
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Salix rotundifolia;
Sedge:
Carex aquatilis, Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. triste;
Horsetail:
Equisetum scirpoides, Equisetum variegatum;
Moss:
Distichium capillaceum, Ditrichum flexicaule
|
| 64. Four-angled heather-blueberry type (Hanson 1953); Releve 2000-CC (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Hemiprostrate dwarf shrub:
Cassiope tetragona, Loiseleuria procumbens, Vaccinium uliginosum;
Forb;
Lichen:
Alectoria nigricans, Sphaerophorus globosus
|
81. Early-melting snowbeds, Releve 2000-C-D (Raynolds et al. 2002) (Seward Peninsula).
Dwarf shrub: Salix reticulata, S. richardsonii;
Horsetail:
Equisetum arvense;
Moss:
Tomentypnum nitens
|
| Riparian areas | 65. Valeriano-Salicetum planifoliae ass. nov. (Schickhoff et al. 2002); Eriophorum angustifolium-Salix pulchra comm., acidic to circumneutral water tracks, streamsides (Walker et al. 1994) (Imnavait Creek).
Low shrub:
Salix pulchra, Betula nana;
Erect dwarf shrub;
Sedge:
Eriophorum angustifolium spp., Carex membranacea;
Forb:
Valeriana capitata, Anemone richardsonii, Polemonium acutiflorum, Dodecatheon frigidum;
Moss:
Hylocomium splendens, Tomentypnum nitens, Sphagnum spp., Sanionia uncinatus, Aulacomnium palustre, Paludella squarrosa
|
82. Epilobio latifolii-Salicetum alaxensis ass., active floodplains (Schickhoff et al. 2002) (Toolik Lake).
Forb:
Castilleja caudata, Epilobium latifolium, Hedysarum alpinum, Eurybia sibirica;
Low shrub:
Salix alaxensis
|
|---|
| 66. Salicetum glauco-richardsonii ass. prov., willow shrublands on stable floodplains (Schickhoff et al. 2002) (Imnavait Creek).
Tall shrub:
Salix alaxensis, S. richardsonii, S. glauca;
Prostrate shrub:
Dryas integrifolia, Arctous rubra;
Forb:
Hedysarum alpinum, Tofieldia pusilla, Parnassia kotzebuei;
Horsetail:
Equisetum arvense;
Moss:
Ditrichum flexicaule, Tomentypnum nitens, Distichium capillaceum
|
83. Dryas integrifolia-Lupinus arcticus comm., dry river terraces (Walker et al. 1997) (Toolik Lake); Dryas terrace comm. (J.C. Jorgenson, 2005 pers. com.) (Arctic NWR).
Prostrate dwarf shrub:
Dryas integrifolia, Arctous rubra, Salix reticulata;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Salix richardsonii, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rhododendron lapponicum;
Forb:
Anemone parviflora, Bistorta vivipara, Castilleja caudata, Lupinus arcticus, Oxytropis campestris, Oxytropis borealis, Pedicularis capitata;
Sedge:
Carex scirpoidea, C. rupestris; Horsetail:
Equisetum variegatum;
Moss:
Rhytidium rugosum, Hylocomium splendens, Tomentypnum nitens;
Lichen:
Flavocetraria cucullata, Flavocetraria nivalis, Cladonia pocillum, Dactylina arctica, Masonhalea richardsonii, Peltigera canina, Thamnolia subuliformis
|
| 67. Climaceum dendroides-Alnus viridis comm., alder shrublands floodplains (Walker et al. 1997) (Happy Valley).
Tall shrub:
Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa, Salix richardsonii;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Vaccinium uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea, Pyrola grandiflora;
Grass:
Calamagrostis canadensis;
Horsetail:
Equisetum arvense;
Forb:
Boschniakia rossica, Valeriana capitata;
Moss:
Climacium dendroides, Hylocomium splendens, Thuidium philibertii, Timmia austriaca
|
84. Salicetum glauco-richardsonii ass. prov., willow shrubland on stable floodplains (Schickhoff et al. 2002) (Toolik Lake).
Tall shrub:
Salix alaxensis, S. richardsonii, S. glauca;
Prostrate shrub:
Dryas integrifolia, Arctous rubra;
Forb:
Hedysarum alpinum, Tofieldia pusilla, Parnassia kotzebuei;
Horsetail:
Equisetum arvense;
Moss:
Ditrichum flexicaule, Tomentypnum nitens, Distichium capillaceum
|
| 68. Map unit 34-low shrub - floodplain (Swanson and Schuman 1985) (Seward Peninsula).
Low shrub:
Salix pulchra;
Moss:
Hylocomium splendens;
Lichen:
Cetraria islandica, Cladina spp.
|
85. Climaceum dendroides-Alnus viridis comm., alder shrubland on floodplains (Walker et al. 1997) (Happy Valley).
Tall shrub:
Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa, Salix richardsonii;
Erect dwarf shrub:
Vaccinium uliginosum,
V. vitis-idaea,
Pyrola grandiflora;
Grass:
Calamagrostis canadensis;
Horsetail:
Equisetum arvense;
Forb:
Boschniakia rossica, Valeriana capitata;
Moss: Climacium dendroides,
Hylocomium splendens,
Thuidium philibertii, Timmia austriaca
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| 69. Vegetation type tall willow thicket (Racine and Anderson 1979); Map unit 82 - riverwash (Swanson and Schuman 1985) (Seward Peninsula).
Low or tall shrub:
Salix alaxensis, S. richardsonii;
Forb:
Epilobium latifolium;
Moss:
Sphagnum spp.;
Lichen:
Thamnolia subuliformis
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| 70. Map unit W2e (Tande and Jennings 1986); Site G5, 9, 12, 14; MM6, 005, V3 (Talbot 1983) (Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta).
Tall shrub:
Salix arbusculoides, S. alaxensis, Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa;
Low shrub:
Salix pulchra;
Grass:
Calamagrostis canadensis;
Moss:
Climacium dendroides
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