Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map

Vegetation Units

Introduction - Barrens: B1B1. Cryptogam, herb barren - B2B2. Cryptogam barren complex (bedrock) - B3B3. Noncarbonate mountain complex - B4B4. Carbonate mountain complex || Graminoid Tundras: G1G1. Rush/grass, forb, cryptogam tundra - G2G2. Graminoid, prostrate dwarf-shrub, forb tundra - G3G3. Non-tussock sedge, dwarf-shrub, moss tundra - G4G4. Tussock-sedge, dwarf-shrub, moss tundra
Prostrate-shrub Tundras: P1P1. Prostrate dwarf-shrub, herb tundra - P2P2. Prostrate/hemiprostrate dwarf-shrub tundra || Erect-shrub Tundras: S1S1. Erect dwarf-shrub tundra - S2S2. Low-shrub tundra || Wetlands: W1W1. Sedge/grass, moss wetland - W2W2. Sedge, moss, dwarf-shrub wetland - W3W3. Sedge, moss, low-shrub wetland

Amund Ringnes Island, Canada. (Photo: D.A. Walker).
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G1. Rush/grass, forb, cryptogam tundra

Moist tundra with moderate to complete cover of very low-growing plants. Mostly grasses, rushes, forbs, mosses, lichens, and liverworts. Subzone A and Subzone B.

Detailed Description

Moist tundra on fine-grained, often hummocky soils in subzones A and B. Plant cover is moderate (40-80%), and the vegetation forms a single layer generally 5-10 cm tall. This is the zonal vegetation in Subzone A, often occurring in somewhat more protected areas with moderate snow cover. Except for the greater density of plants, particularly rushes and grasses, it is similar in composition to cryptogam, cushion-forb barrens (Unit B1).

Representative syntaxa

Communities of the class Thlaspietea rotundifolii Br.-Bl. et al. 1947 (Saxifrago stellaris-Oxyrion digynae Gjaerev. 1950, e.g., Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928), and Salicetea herbaceae (Luzulion nivalis (Nordh. 1936) Gjaerev. 1956, e.g., Alopecuro alpini-Tomenthypnetum (Hadac 1946) Dierss. 1992 and Cerastio regelii-Poetum alpinae Dierss. 1992).

Dominant plants

Grasses and rushes are usually the dominant vascular plants. Forbs are abundant. Mosses, lichens, and liverworts are common. Cryptogamic crusts composed of cyanobacteria and black crustose lichens are common. In Subzone B, prostrate dwarf shrubs and sedges are present but not dominant.

Grasses
Rushes
- Luzula nivalis^a
- L. confusa^a
Forbs
- Cardamine bellidifolia^a
- Cerastium regeliiⁿ
- Minuartia rossiiⁿ
- Papaver dahlianum ssp. polare
- Potentilla hyparctica^a
- Saxifraga oppositifoliaⁿ
- Ranunculus hyperboreus
- Drabaⁿ
- Stellariaⁿ
- Oxyria digyna
Mosses
Lichens
Liverworts
Cyanobacteria
Black crustose lichens
Prostrate dwarf shrubs
- Dryasⁿ
- Salix polaris
- S. arcticaⁿ
Sedges
- Carex aquatilis
- Eriophorum

^a=acidic, ⁿ=non-acidic